Elon Musk, having become the world’s first trillionaire, intends to launch spacecraft to the Moon and Mars before the end of 2026. Their objective is to deliver the initial building materials for future extraterrestrial colonies. Immediately following the cargo, humanoid robots will be dispatched to other worlds to prepare all the necessary infrastructure ahead of human arrival.
Recently, Musk adjusted SpaceX’s priorities, noting that building a "lunar city" is much simpler and "much faster"—with the ambitious plan projecting its creation within the next 10 years. Meanwhile, the billionaire remains optimistic about beginning equipment shipments to the Red Planet within the next seven years.
To realize this massive vision, Musk filed an application this week with the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to deploy a "constellation" of 100,000 new satellites into orbit. SpaceX explained that this network will enhance Earth-to-space communication and provide the colossal computing power required for billions of AI devices, both on our planet and on the Moon.
"If you have a super-powerful AI system, are you going to embed it into every single robot? No, you'll need centralized computing centers—that's exactly what the new satellites are for. Robots must completely build the settlement before a human ever steps foot there. And unless Musk does something foolish or someone kills him, he will live to see the day this becomes a reality," Jim Cantrell, a member of SpaceX's founding team, told The New York Post.
Parallel to the satellite program, SpaceX engineers are already working on a new transport vehicle. As Musk admitted on the social platform X, transporting heavy construction machinery beyond Earth will require a rocket that surpasses even the current Starship system in scale. According to his updated forecast, the first self-sustaining cities on Mars will be fully operational between 2045 and 2055.
While Musk’s ultimate target is Mars, the Moon will serve as a vital training ground. Reaching it takes just three days, whereas a journey to the Red Planet takes about six months.
"If something goes wrong, you can bring people home quickly, or swiftly ship spare parts," notes Les Johnson, a sci-fi author and former technical manager at NASA’s George C. Marshall Space Flight Center. "You want to make and fix all your mistakes on the Moon so you don't face them on Mars."
Scientists still need to determine which resources make financial sense to haul from Earth and which must be produced directly on-site:
Energy: Experts believe this is the easiest part. A compact nuclear reactor can be shipped, and robots will simply deploy its arrays on-site.
Water: Water exists on Mars, but it is locked in ice deep beneath the surface. Robots will have to conduct deep drilling operations.
Fuel and Oxygen: A segment of the android fleet will focus on manufacturing rocket propellant from the Martian atmosphere (in case humans need to return). Other androids will set up an oxygen recycling system using electrolysis—a technology that has been successfully operating on the ISS since 1998.
What will daily life look like for the first human settlers once the robots finish construction? Scientists hold a realistic view.
"I think it will be simultaneously exciting, unbelievably boring, and terrifying," Les Johnson sums up. "Exciting because you’re living on Mars. Boring because you’ll be trapped inside a sealed habitat 99% of the time. And terrifying because right outside the thin aluminum skin of your home, instant death awaits."
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