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Microplastics have already been detected in human lungs, liver, kidneys, blood, and even the brain. Now, new research published in the journal Human Reproduction reveals that these tiny particles have also made their way into the reproductive system.

For the first time, scientists have discovered microplastics in both sperm and ovarian follicular fluid, sparking serious concerns about the potential impact on reproductive health and fertility for future generations.

The study analyzed follicular fluid from 29 women and semen samples from 22 men. Microplastics were found in 55% of the sperm samples and 69% of the follicular fluid samples.

“We already knew that microplastics accumulate in various human organs,” said lead researcher Dr. Emilio Gomez-Sanchez at the annual meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. “So the fact that they are present in reproductive fluids wasn’t surprising, but what struck us was how widespread this phenomenon is.”

The most common type of microplastic detected in sperm was PTFE—better known as Teflon—found in 41% of samples. Other common plastics included polystyrene (similar to Styrofoam) at 14%, polyethylene terephthalate (a type of polyester) at 9%, polyamide (nylon) at 5%, and polyurethane (used in coatings and foams) at 5%.

While the exact effects of microplastics on human reproductive health remain unclear, animal studies suggest potential risks. “In tissues where microplastics accumulate, inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cellular aging, and endocrine disruption can occur,” explained Gomez-Sanchez. “This likely impairs the quality of eggs and sperm, but we don’t yet have enough data to confirm this in humans.”

Despite these alarming findings, the scientist urges calm: “It’s too early to panic. Microplastics are just one of many factors that may influence fertility,” he said. “However, it’s wise to take steps to reduce exposure—such as storing and heating food in glass containers and limiting the use of plastic water bottles.”

Separately, an Italian research team recently found microplastics in the ovarian follicular fluid of 14 out of 18 women in their study. Lead author Luigi Montano described the findings as “very concerning,” noting that previous research from his group linked microplastic presence to decreased sperm quantity and quality.

Earlier studies have also detected microplastics in the uterus, placenta, and even testicles—sometimes at surprisingly high concentrations.

Humans are exposed to microplastics mainly through inhalation of airborne particles and consumption of contaminated food.

Unfortunately, microplastics are everywhere. Estimates suggest that between 10 and 40 million tons enter the environment annually. On average, a person ingests about 5 grams of microplastics per week—that’s roughly the weight of a spoonful of soup. Over a year, that adds up to around 250 grams, essentially a “whole plate of plastic” entering the body.

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